Environmental Economics Essay

Agriculture has an instrumental role and exclude association in preservation and conservation of the surroundings and economic development. It promotes environment diversity and upraises the creation of artificial habitats. The verdancy biomass that covers many fields forms a basis of aesthetic to the human emotions. Intensified enforces of chemical in unsophisticated production threaten the to a higher place benefits that a leap out from coarse fields. In the new-make past, a growing concern has been raised with regard to the negative impact arising from country related activities and policies.Legalization of sum of moneys such(prenominal) as pesticide and fertilizer enhance negative consequences on the environment. They contain toxic elements thus ca physical exercises pollution of excavate water and underground water, drainage of wetlands, air pollutions and loss of diverse brio forms and habitats. Settlement scheme in implemented on fragile lands such swamps, distu rbances the bionomical balance in the area. environmental issues can be crock up by promoting original market-gardening, establishing relevant institutions, formulation of legislation and policies.The Organization for economical Cooperation and Development (OECD) members agreed that reforms should, to the extent possible, simultaneously enable progress to be made on trade liberation and environment. They also agreed to proceed the need to integrate agricultural development with environmental issues. (OECD 1993, p, 24-50) The focus of this flying field is because to examine the risk of inorganic agriculture against organic agriculture on the environment and thereafter formulate alternative strategies to foster sustainability.Environmental issues are diverse and multi-disciplinary in nature since they cut across in all sectors of the economy and cultures. Unsustainable agriculture and increase in communitys in the area modifies environmental issues. Population increase exe rts high pressure on the economic kneades to stretch, in most cases beyond the natural sustainable limit, to accommodate the excess pack (Sandler, Todd. 1997, p, 34-73) In response, the world has embarked on intensified adoption to scientific concept and attainment in technological development to improve production.Organic fashion of production are therefore considered redundant and barbaric in respect of inorganic agriculture. Unsustainable means of production, because, have widened and come on to widen environmental planetary challenges that threaten to cripple and suffocate the worlds economy. Studies have shown that increase use of chemical, such as pesticides and fertilizers for production in farming activities perpetuates the environmental global challenges. This puts the future livelihood for mankind at a back up and uncertain.It is therefore important to examine environmental challenges attached to intensive use of chemical for agricultural production and thereafte r provide an alternative strategy to enhance sustainability. (Dutch Committee, 1994, p, 30-50) Intensified use of chemical for production is largely attributed to agricultural and industrial revolution. Population has also influenced the need to use chemicals to increase feed production to meet the ever growing world ingest for food. Initially, the above means of agricultural production were common in Europe and Asian continent.Abject poverty in the world has created great desire and demand for technological innovation to increase food production. Globalization and scientific advancement has therefore provided a theme to the world food demand problem. However, the solution comes with a bundle of side effects. Technological and scientific information transfer, particularly, to African countries, where poverty is obsolete and unsustainable (Andersons, L. and Bruce, Yundle, 2001, p, 50-200) Over the last three decades there has been an increase global use of chemicals for agricultu ral production. tralatitiously, production was based on organic means thus less environmental concerns. Merchandised agriculture has raised the normal concern over the nature of the problems that arises from agricultural production. These problems are diverse and in all attributed to environmental pollution caused by intensified use of pesticide and fertilizers. (Uri, Noel, 1999, p, 23-123) The problems are aggravated by improper management of agricultural chemicals thereby causing ripe environmental issues. These pose a great problem to the survival and public assistance of humanity, particularly those living in developing world.This is because fertilizers and pesticides are agent of pollution to water bodies, food sources, land, air and vegetation. The development of agriculture production finished specialization and intensification of land use in recent decades has given rise to a wide range of environmental effects, both within the agricultural industry itself and increasi ngly, externally to it. The recognition and understanding of these consequences of modern high engineering science agriculture developed in the 1970s and during the 1980s progress was made in addressing these impacts.Some problems still remain however and pass on be of increasing importance. (OCED, p, 177) The use of chemicals for agricultural production therefore will continue to compromise the environmental sustainability. The World Health Organization estimates that nearly a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to elongated exposure to environmental pollution. Most of these environmental related diseases are however, not easily detected and may be acquired during childhood and manifest later in adulthood.The indiscriminate and excessive use of agrochemicals for crop protection represents by far the greatest threat to human wellness, to the divisortic stock of the population and to sustain agriculture and environment. At a United Nations seminar in capital of Kenya Kenya in 1984, it was reported that almost 370,000 people suffer from pesticide toxic condition and about 10,000annually die due to insobriety. Recently, the World Health Organization estimated 500,000 fatalities due to pesticide poisoning in developing world. This WHOs report further claims that another 400,000 cases of poisoning were due to pesticide handling and usage. (Mervyns, p, 12)From the quotation above, it is clear that the impacts of agrochemical increases with time and magnitude. This kind of skip is unsustainable and therefore threatens the future of humanity. The impact of pesticide and fertilizer on human health is crucial and therefore should never be under-estimated. The traces of these chemical causes inhalation problems. assembling of the elements in the luggage compartment system affects the free circulation of blood in the body. Biodiversity forms a basis upon which the worlds beauty, emotional fulfillment and aesthetic apostrophize are based. Agr iculture spices up the aesthetic-array of the world.It also creates artificial habitats that shelter migrant organisms such as birds, insects and animals. It therefore follows that agricultural production is a gene bank for scientific development. Intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers puts the existence of nature in it natural form at stake. This is because chemicals kill organisms that perpetuate natural saturation processes thereby clogging the natural form of nature stabilization. Chemical enhances the process of mutation. This leads to evolution of hybridized species of pests which are resistant to natural mean of pest gibe and at times even resistant to pesticides.Loss of biodiversity as a result of chemical use in agricultural production is therefore eminent. It has been reported that, The first sub lethal effect of a pesticide on a bird was probably the eggshell film editing phenomena first set forth by Ratcliff. DDE, the stable metabolite of DDE is reported to be t he cause of eggshell thinning and consequent decline in the breeding success of birds of prey. (Mervyns, p, 78) Equity is a controversial aspect of resource distribution in the world. The bed cover betwixt the rich and the poor is quite disheartening. Economic processes and advancement also die towards widening the gap.Commercialization of agriculture with intensive use of chemicals, poses environmental degradation. This consequently deprives the land of its ability to naturally produce food thereby morose its production yield. The poor depend totally on the environment for their livelihood. inorganic agriculture is a worlds strategy to check the gap between the poor and the rich. It is widely believe that many people in the world sleep without food for many days. Increased food production, will therefore help to resolve one of the greatest challenges that is threatening to snag the earth a part.However, inorganic farming has failed to bridge the gap between the poor and the ri ch. The skill of using chemicals to increase food production is questionable. Traditional means of production were more manual, labor intensive and time overwhelming with minimum negative impacts to the environment. Current means of agricultural production are merchandized and more efficient as compared with the traditional methods. However, with regard to the environmental challenges, the efficiency of inorganic production to address the abject poverty in the world is low.Ecology is defined as the domestic site of organism, knowledge and the content of the relation of the surrounding world. It is a self sustaining environment. Ecology is always refined to changes. Introduction of foreign substances such as traces of pesticides and fertilizer modify the ecological characteristic and identity. Nutrients like nitrate and phosphate are normally wash down into water bodies when it rains. This initiates the process of eutrophication. Eutrophication is a process whereby the water expe riences enrichment with nutrients of nitrate and phosphate.Consequently water lilies, phytoplasm and algae blooms to experience luxuriant growth. This phenomenon has negative impacts on the functions of the water body. In the first place, Algae bloom forms a green like layer on top of the water thereby hindering penetration of light to the water body. Due to high accumulation of substance in the water, decaying process increases. This causes a biological oxygen demand which leads to asphyxiation of aquatic lives in the water body. Bad smell arises from the water body as a result of decaying processes. The value of water for domestic use therefore reduces.